11:36 PM
As the physical and chemical properties differ largely among fibres of different origin, it is necessary to classify textile fibres based on the source of origin. The types of textile fibres available globally are exceedingly large and apparently, it is very difficult to categories them under a few classes.
Thextile fibres are broadly divided into two classes - natural and man-made. Nture provides us a large number of excellent fibrous materials that can be used directly for yarn and fabric manufacture. Natural fibres may be obtained from plant, animal or mineral sources. All plant fibres are composed of primarily cellulose and secondarily other components like hemicellulose, lignin etc. Plant fibres can be further divided into various sub-group depending on the portion of the plant from where the fibre is obtained e.g. seed, stem or bast (flax, jute etc) or ;eaf (Sisal).
Fibres obtained from animals are mostly composed of amino acid resisues or protein. The most important animal fibres are silk and wool. In addition, there are a large number of lesser-known hair fibres such as camel hairs, goat hairs, rabbit hairs etc.
The fibre obtained from mineral is asbestos.
Man- made fibres can be subdivided into three sub-classes:
This indicates the overall importance of cellusic and polyester fibres alone or in blends. These two fibres account for 72% of world fibre consumption. It is estimated that by the year 2010, the consumption of polyester will be more than that of the cellulosic fibres.
Thextile fibres are broadly divided into two classes - natural and man-made. Nture provides us a large number of excellent fibrous materials that can be used directly for yarn and fabric manufacture. Natural fibres may be obtained from plant, animal or mineral sources. All plant fibres are composed of primarily cellulose and secondarily other components like hemicellulose, lignin etc. Plant fibres can be further divided into various sub-group depending on the portion of the plant from where the fibre is obtained e.g. seed, stem or bast (flax, jute etc) or ;eaf (Sisal).
Fibres obtained from animals are mostly composed of amino acid resisues or protein. The most important animal fibres are silk and wool. In addition, there are a large number of lesser-known hair fibres such as camel hairs, goat hairs, rabbit hairs etc.
Classification of Textile Fibres
The fibre obtained from mineral is asbestos.
Man- made fibres can be subdivided into three sub-classes:
- Regenerated fibres are manufactured by dissloving natural fibre forming polymers and regenerating the polymer in the form of fibre (truly continuous filament) by passing it through a fine orifice called spinneret. Examples are various rayons namely viscose and acetate fibres.
- Synthetic fibres are made by chemical synthesis from simple chemicals (i.e. monomers). After polymerisation, the melt or solution of the polymer is passed through spinnerets and spun into filament. They can be further classified as polyesters, polyamides, polyurethenes(spandex), polyvinyls, polymerised hydrocarbons or polyolefins(polypropylene) and synthetic rubbers, depending on the chemical composition of the fibres. Polyvinyls may have different substitution (chloro, fluoro, cyano and hydroxyl) products, the most important being mono-cyano substituted acrylics.
- Refractory (ceramic) and indutrial fibres like carbon, glass, metal etc.
Another method of classifying fibres would be according to chemical structure, without regard to their origin. Fibres of similar chemical structure can be grouped together.
The annual world-wide fibre used in 1996 was 47 million tons with fibre-wise break-up as follows:
Cellulosic - 44.7%
Plyester - 27.2%
Polyolefins - 9.6%
Polyamide - 8.6%
Acrylic - 5.7%
Wool - 3.1%
Others - 1.1%
This indicates the overall importance of cellusic and polyester fibres alone or in blends. These two fibres account for 72% of world fibre consumption. It is estimated that by the year 2010, the consumption of polyester will be more than that of the cellulosic fibres.
Classification of Textile Fibres as Per Chemical Constitution
Cellulosic - Cotton, flax and other bast fibres, leaf fibres, rayons.
Modified Cellulosic- Acetate (cellulose ester)
Protein (Natural) - Wool, silk, hair fibres, casein
Polyamide - Nylon, aramid (aromatic nylon)
Polyester - Terelene, Dacron, CD (cationic dyeable) polyester
Polyacrylic - Acrylic fibres, modacrylics
Polyolefins - Polyethylene, polypropylene
Vinyl - Saran, Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)
Polyurethene - Spandex
No comments
Post a Comment